B Mixing in the Standard Model and Beyond
نویسنده
چکیده
Bq−Bq mixing with q = d or q = s is governed byM −iΓ/2 with the hermitian 2×2 matrices M q and Γ. The (1, 2) element of M q − iΓ/2 induces Bq → Bq transitions. The mass matrix element M q 12 stems from the dispersive part of the box diagram in Fig. 1, which is obtained from the full diagram by replacing the loop integral with its real part. The decay matrix element Γq12 is calculated from the absorptive part of the box diagram, which instead involves the imaginary part of the loop integral. M q 12 is dominated by the top contribution, while Γq12 solely involves internal c, u quarks and |Γq12| ≪ |M q 12|. Bq−Bq mixing involves three physical quantities:
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